[學生常犯的寫作錯誤 2] 所有格加動名詞 (Using Possessives with Gerunds)
Many people believe that students wearing uniform is beneficial.
上面的句子有錯誤嗎?
在檢查錯誤之前，先來分析此句:
Many people 是主詞，believe 是及物動詞，that students wearing uniforms is beneficial 是名詞子句當受詞。
That 是連詞，連接名詞子句但可省略。Students wearing uniform 是動名詞片語當名詞子句的主詞，is 是連綴動詞，beneficial 是形容詞 (主詞補語)。
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一切看起來正常，但是名詞子句的主詞 students wearing uniforms (學生穿制服) 有出現兩個問題。
第一，有些人會把 wearing uniforms 誤認為現在分詞/形容詞片語 (students who wear uniforms -> students wearing uniforms)。
但是這裡 students wearing uniforms 應該是當作動名詞片語。
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第二，students 是名詞，但 wearing uniform 是動名詞，所以文法「正確」的寫法應該是 students’ (所有格) wearing uniforms。
但很沒人會寫 students’ wearing uniforms/student’s wearing of uniforms，因為過度強調 "學生的" 而作者希望把重點放在穿著制服上，也有一些母語者會覺得這樣子的寫法拖泥帶水並且不自然，可能會造成混: http://www.getitwriteonline.com/archive/022205posscasegerunds.htm
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Many people believe that wearing uniforms is beneficial for all students. [O]
Many people believe that school uniforms are beneficial for all students. [O]
Many people believe that all students should wear uniforms because of the numerous benefits. [O]
這三句的重點在於名詞子句的主詞清楚，不會造成任何的混淆而降低了閱讀的流暢度。
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其他例句:
He resents Mary being promoted. [X] 不正確，除非 being promoted 是形容詞片語。
He resents Mary’s being promoted. [O] 文法正確，但不常見。
He resents Mary’s promotion. [O] 最自然的!
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Thank you for you listening. [X] 不正確。
Thank you for your listening. [O] 文法正確，但不常見 (unidiomatic)!
Thank you for listening. [O] 最自然的!
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I appreciate he participating in the event. [X] 不正確。
I appreciate him participating in the event. [X] 文法不正確，算是非正式用法。
I appreciate his participation in the event. [O] 最自然的!
References:
http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/gerundspro.html
http://www.pearsonlongman.com/ae/azar/grammar_ex/message_board/archive/articles/00091.htm
http://www.engvid.com/possessive-gerunds/
http://www.hosenglish.com/newbook/HC_5-3.pdf
Common Writing Errors [常犯的寫作錯誤]
I. http://goo.gl/0ACQBd
II. http://goo.gl/oW9YCN
III. http://goo.gl/2xIQAd
IV. http://goo.gl/508lHv
V. http://goo.gl/oeYVgh
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